Balance: In design there are two types of balance, Symmetrical Balance or Asymmetrical Balance.
Symmetrical (formal) : Symmetrical balance is a mirror image balance, if you was to draw a line down the center of the page, all of the images on either side of the line should mirror each other, they don't have to be identical objects but they have to be the same shapes, objects and colours. They can be exactly identical this is seen more in architecture.
Asymmetrical (informal) : Asymmetrical balance occurs when a number of smaller items are balanced out by a larger item on the other side, or if the smaller items are placed further away from the center of the image than the larger items. Or if it inst balanced between larger and smaller items, it can be by shades. If there is a very dark item, it can be balanced by a few lighter items.
Proportion: Proportion refers to the different sizes and scales of various elements of the design. These have to to be spread out evenly to evenly distribute the viewers attention.
Rhythm: There are two types of repetition available to the designer, regular repetition and syncopated repetition.
Regular: Regular repetition is where a visual element is repeated in regular intervals, by doing this repetition in the visual element multiple times you create a relaxed piece of work.
Syncopated: This repetitions involves more complex patterns. By repeating a element several times and then repeating the pattern several times. This creates a less relaxed piece of work. It doesn't have to be the same element that is being repeated, they can be different weights. This creates a more complex and dynamic design.
Emphasis: This is the focal point of the design. It is the way you make one element of the design stand out from the rest of the work. In a piece of work there should only be one element that you are trying to emphasize because if you try and emphasize to many elements of the work it will look too busy and ruin the design.
Unity: Unity is where all the elements look as though they belong together, achieveing this means you must understand all of the other formal elements first and understanding the principles. Basically the designer should understand the elements and be able to establish a bond between them. There should be a flow in the design, so one element links to the next.
You have covered rhythm, emphasis and unity well. Balance can also refer to colour as well as symmetry in terms of its shade or tone. You need to go into more detail about proportion and how it is used in graphic design - how elements of the design relate to the whole. You might find it easier to upload examples to illustrate what you mean.
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